Literary+Terms

=Language of Literary analysis=

Lit Terms Vocab
 * QUIZLET LINK:**

Play around on Quizlet. There are a million lists of literary terms. See which ones you don't know on a variety of lists. Put any terms that you come across which you don't recognize with your intitials next to it here:

periphrasis (KHJ): (KTX): Epigram, Aphorism, Tropes, Synecdoche, Metonymy, Litotes, Periphrasis, Anaphora, Trochee, Spondee, Enjambment, Caesura, Chiasmus, anapest


 * All of the bolded words in //Essential Literary Terms// are expected for you to know and more importantly, identify, use, and see the effect of in a passage. Please choose five ones that are NEW to you this year. Put your name, the term, the book definition, and an example NOT from the book. The first people to do this get first dibs on the terms.**

Brenna Nammo 1. **Epigram** - a witty saying, concisely phrased and often satiric //Ex//. "Both robb'd of air, we both lie in one ground Both whom one fire had burnt, one water drown'd" (John Donne, //Hero and Leander//) 2. **Litotes** - a figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite //Ex.// Saying "he is not the smartest person I've met" to describe someone who is not smart at all. 3. **Cosmic Irony** - an implied worldview in which characters are led to embrace false hopes of aid or success, only to be defeated by some larger force, such as God or fate //Ex.// When Juliet faked her death in order to get out of marrying Paris and hoping to marry Romeo, but Romeo believes she is truly dead, so he kills himself. 4. **Chiasmus** - two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words //Ex.// “The instinct of a man is to pursue everything that flies from him, and to fly from all that pursues him.” (Voltaire) 5. **Periphrasis** - a figure of thought in which a point is stated by deliberate circumlocution, rather than directly //Ex.// "When that fell arrest Without all bail shall carry me away." (William Shakespeare, //Sonnet 74//)

Kathy Xavier 1. **Aphorism**: a terse statement on a serious subject //Ex//. The simplest questions are the hardest to answer. (Northrop Frye) 2. **Synecdoche**: a figure of thought in which the term for part of something is used to represent the whole, or less commonly, the term for the whole is used to represent a part //Ex//. The ship was lost with all hands. (sailors) 3. **Metonymy**: a trope which substitutes the name of an entity with something else that is closely associated with it //Ex//. Today the White House passed another bill. (the president) 4. **Anaphora**: the intentional repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of the successive lines, stanzas, sentences, or paragraphs creates emphasis //Ex//. Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better. 5. **Antithesis**: a figure of speech in which words or phrases that are parallel in order and syntax express opposite or contrasting meanings //Ex//. Speech is silver, but silence is gold.

Katherine Sadek 1. **Horatian Satire:** tolerant and urbane; indulgently mocking faults with the aim of evoking wry amusement rather than repulsion or indignation in the audience Ex.: //Gulliver's Travels// by Johnathan Swift 2. **Juvenalian Satire:** harsh and censorious; bitterly condemning vices and foibles and inviting the audience to feelings of indignation and even disgust Ex.: //Lord of the Flies// by William Golding 3. **Pathetic Fallacy:** a special type of personification, in which inanimate aspects of nature, such as the landscape or the weather, are represented as having human qualities or feelings Ex.: "The night has been unruly. Where we lay, our chimneys were blown down and, as they say, lamentings heard i' th' air, strange screams of death, and prophesying with accents terrible of dire combustion and confused events new hatched to the woeful time. The obscure bird clamored the livelong night. Some say the earth was feverous and did shake." --//Macbeth// 4. **Epiphany:** a sudden, overwhelming insight or revelation evoked by a commonplace object or a scene in a poem or a work of fiction Ex.: "There is a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we may." --//Hamlet// 5. **Verisimilitude:** Latin for "similar to the truth"; plausibility, the semblance of truth ("even fantasy must be rooted in reality") Ex.: "I didn't want to go back no more. I had stopped cussing, because the widow didn't like it; but now I took to it again because pap hadn't no objections... But by-and-by pap got too handy with his hick'ry, and I couldn't stand it. I was all over with welts. He got to going away so much, too, and locking me in. Once he locked me in and was gone three days. It was dreadful lonesome." --//Adventures of Huckleberry Fin// by Mark Twain

Mary Cain 1. **Tenor**: the subject of a comparison; the object or idea being described through comparison; the part of a metaphor that " holds" the meaning Ex. "life" in the metaphor "life is a journey" 2. **Vehicle**: the conveyer of a comparison; the object or idea being used to describe through comparison; the part of a metaphor that "carries" the meaning Ex. "journey" in the metaphor "life is a journey" 3. **Assonance**: the repetition of a vowel sound not necessarily at the beginning of a word Ex. "Beside the lake, ben**__ea__**th the tr**__ee__**s, Fluttering and dancing in the br**__ee__**ze" -- "Daffodils" by William Wordsworth 4. **Synaesthesia**: the mixing of sensory imagery to appeal to more than one of the senses Ex. "The cold smell of potato mould" -- "Digging" by Seamus Heaney 5. **Euphemism**: an indirect expression used to "soften" a phrase that is harsh or impolite Ex. "One day Cunegonde... saw between the bushes, Dr. Pangloss giving a lesson in experimental natural philosophy to her mother's chamber-maid" -- //Candide// by Voltaire

Olivia Drummond 1. **Allegory-** an abstract concept is presented as though it were a character who speaks and acts as an independent being. Ex. In the //Wizard of Oz, c//owardice is embodied in the lion. 2. **Equivoque-** special form of pun; a word or phrase that has disparate meanings is used in a way that makes each meaning equally relevant. Ex. "When it rains, it pours" 3. **Invocation-** special form of apostrophe; poet addresses an appeal to a muse or a god to inspire the creative endeavor. Ex. "O gods of the sea and sky, Give me strength and power to defeat my enemies" 4. **Atmosphere-** predominant mood or tone in all or part of a literary work. Ex. The atmosphere of the book "The Farming of Bone" is emptiness and despair due to Amabelle's depressing attitude towards her lonely, unfulfilled life. 5. **Novel of Character-** the primary interest is in the protagonist's thoughts, feelings, and motives and in the ways that the characters develop. Ex. Purple Hibiscus

Molly Shriver 1. **Apostrophe**: an address of some abstraction or personification that is not physically present Ex. "Oh, Death be not proud" - John Donne 2. **Perfect Rhyme**: a rhyme in which ending sounds match Ex. "cat" and "hat" "egg" and "beg" "ink" and "pink" 3. **Imperfect Rhyme**: a rhyme in which there is only a partial matching of sounds Ex. "love" and "more" "lap" and "shape" "gun" and "thumb" 4. **Free Verse (Open Form Verse)**: poetry written without regular patterns of rhyme and meter Ex. Fog by Carl Sandburg The fog comes on little cat feet.

It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on. 5. **Scansion**: the analysis of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem in order to establish its meter Ex. iambic feet - iambic pentameter

Kaylie Atwood 1. **Paradox:** a trope in which a statement that appears on the service to be contradictory or impossible turns out to express an often striking truth ex. "Kill them with kindness" 2. **Poetic Diction:** the style of diction favored by the neoclassical poets of the eighteenth century using devices such as archaic phraseology ex.//The Dying Christian To His Soul// by Alexander Pope 3. **Foil**: a character who contrasts with the protagonist in ways that bring out certain of his or her moral, emotional, or intellectual qualities. ex. Nick in //The Great Gatsby// 4.**Soliloquy**: monologue delivered by a character who is alone on stage ex. "To be or not to be" 5.**Internal Rhyme**: rhyme occurring within a line of poetry ex. "I drove that car and it wasn't far"